Q) Isotonic fluid solution is
A. Half normal saline
B. 1/5th normal saline
C. Ringer lactate
D. Dextrose in Normal saline
Answer is free C Ringer lactate and Normal saline are isotonic fluid. they are useful in replacing GI losses. Ringer lactate has a bit of potassium as well.
Ringer lactate is an isotonic solution, meaning its osmolarity (around 273 mOsm/L) is close to that of human blood (around 275-295 mOsm/L). This solution contains electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, which helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. It's commonly used for fluid replacement in surgical and trauma patients.
Half normal saline is a hypotonic solution with an osmolarity of about 154 mOsm/L, which is lower than blood osmolarity. It draws water into cells, making it unsuitable for cases where isotonic fluid replacement is needed, as it may cause cellular swelling.
This solution is also hypotonic, with an even lower osmolarity than half normal saline (around 77 mOsm/L). Its low osmolarity makes it inappropriate for isotonic fluid replacement because it could lead to excessive water entering cells and causing cellular edema.
D5NS is a hypertonic solution due to the presence of both dextrose and normal saline. The addition of dextrose increases its osmolarity above that of blood. Hypertonic solutions are not suitable for general isotonic fluid replacement because they can cause water to shift out of cells, potentially leading to cellular dehydration.