Q) A 2-month-old male infant is brought to the clinic with a history of noisy breathing since birth, which is described as high-pitched and expiratory. The noise worsens when the baby is crying, feeding, or in the supine position. There is no history of cyanosis or apneic episodes. Growth parameters are within normal limits. On examination, there is an expiratory stridor. Chest X-ray is normal. Flexible bronchoscopy shows dynamic collapse of the intrathoracic trachea during expiration.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Laryngomalacia
B. Tracheomalacia
C. Subglottic stenosis
D. Bronchiolitis
E. Foreign body aspiration
A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department at night with sudden onset of a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. The parents report that he had a mild fever and rhinorrhea for two days. On examination, he is alert, has a barking cough, inspiratory stridor, and mild subcostal retractions, but is maintaining oxygen saturation above 94% on room air. A soft tissue neck X-ray was performed, showing the "steeple sign".
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?
A. Intramuscular dexamethasone and nebulized epinephrine
B. Oral azithromycin and salbutamol nebulization
C. Humidified oxygen and nebulized hypertonic saline
D. Immediate intubation and IV corticosteroids
E. Oral dexamethasone and supportive care