d) Origin of subclavian artery from descending aorta
30 ) b
b) Double aortic arch
Double aortic arch is a classic example of a true vascular ring. It forms a complete ring around the trachea and esophagus, leading to compressive symptoms such as stridor, wheezing, or feeding difficulties.
Pulmonary artery sling is not a vascular ring. It is a congenital anomaly where the left pulmonary artery arises from the right pulmonary artery and passes between the trachea and esophagus but does not form a complete ring.
Cervical aortic arch is a rare anomaly and does not form a true vascular ring.
Aberrant origin of subclavian artery (e.g., aberrant right subclavian artery from the descending aorta) is considered a partial ring and usually causes less significant symptoms compared to true vascular rings.
