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Axillary lymph node dissection in ca breast

Q: Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in breast cancer staging?

a) Level I and level II ALND requires the removal of at least 10 lymph nodes for accurate staging, and level III nodes should always be included in the dissection, regardless of the presence of gross disease in levels I and II.
b) The axillary dissection should include tissue from levels I and II, with a focus on the area inferior to the axillary vein, extending laterally to the latissimus dorsi muscle and medially to the pectoralis minor muscle, when there is no gross disease in level II nodes.
c) Level III nodes should be dissected in all cases of breast cancer for accurate staging, as they are always involved in metastatic spread.
d) Level I and level II ALND can be skipped in cases of clinically negative axilla, as there is no need for lymph node evaluation in the absence of suspicion of metastasis.
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Constipation in Childhood – Most Likely Diagnosis MCQ for INI CET, NEET SS, and Pediatric Surgery Exams

Q) A 4-year-old child presents with a history of infrequent, hard stools associated with painful defecation.

There is no history of vomiting, fever, or blood in the stool. On examination, there is a palpable fecal mass in the left lower abdomen, and the anal tone is normal.

What is the most likely diagnosis?
# Theme from Mock test 32

  • A) Hirschsprung disease
  • B) Functional constipation
  • C) Intussusception
  • D) Anal fissure
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Glenn Procedure in Single-Ventricle Heart Defects

Q) Which of the following best describes the main goal of the Glenn procedure performed in patients with single-ventricle congenital heart defects, such as after the Norwood operation?
#Congenital cardiac mock test on 8th Dec 24

  • A) To create a two-ventricle circulation by repairing the mitral and tricuspid valves.
  • B) To establish direct pulmonary blood flow by redirecting the superior vena cava to the pulmonary arteries.
  • C) To replace the right ventricle with a synthetic pump for systemic circulation.
  • D) To connect the left atrium directly to the right ventricle to improve systemic oxygenation.
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Q) A 60-year-old woman is found to have a 3.2 cm pancreatic cystic lesion on MRI. EUS shows internal echogenic material within the cyst cavity. To accurately determine whether this represents mural nodules rather than intraluminal debris, which of the following is the most definitive diagnostic approach?
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