AIIMS MCQ

GI SUrgery MCQs from AIIMS over the years

Complications of duodenal diverticulum

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Q) True statement regarding complications of duodenal diverticulum is

a) Perforation is the commonest complication

b) Obstruction is caused by extra luminal duodenal diverticulum

c) Bleeding is the most common complication of duodenal diverticulum.

d) Diverticulitis is common and easily diagnosed.

Answer

c

Complications of duodenal diverticulum are rare with a reported incidence of 5-10% in those with duodenal  diverticulum. Operative intervention is required in about 1% cases

Perforation is the rarest but the most severe complication of duodenum diverticulum. The most common cause of perforated duodenal diverticulum is diverticulitis. They perforate in the retroperitoneum, adding to diagnostic uncertainty. Ct Scans are most diagnostic to help in this diagnosis.

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Causes of Acalculus Cholecystitis

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Q) Which of the following is not a cause of acalculus cholecystitis? Questions on bile duct

a) Kinking of the neck of gall bladder

b) Acalculus cholecystitis Sphincter spasm

c) Thrombosis of cystic artery

d) Over eating

Ans d

Acalculus cholecystitis can be both acute and chronic in the absence of stones. Although it can present acutely, acalculous cholecystitis typically presents more insidiously.

Mostly the acute form is recognized and chronic form is called biliary dyskinesia.

The cause of acalculus cholecystitis are

  1. Kinking or fibrosis of neck of gall bladder.
  2. Thrombosis of cystic artery
  3. Sphincter of Oddi spasm
  4. Prolonged fasting
  5. Dehydration
  6. Sepsis
  7. Systemic diseases MODS

Ref: By Jarrell - NMS Surgery (National Medical Series for Independent) (Sixth Edition) (2015-07-30) [Paperback]

Jaundice in acalculus cholecystitis  is known to occur because of ischemia and inflammation cystic duct gets obstructed due to edema

Diagnosis

Chronic acalculus cholecystitis is a cholescintigraphy nuclear scan (HIDA) with the administration of cholecystokinin (CCK). After the . A calculated ejection fraction of 35% or less may be indicative of hypokinetic functioning of the gallbladder. An ultrasound of the gallbladder may also be useful. If this shows a thickened gallbladder wall of over 3.5 mm, this may be due to cholecystitis.

Acute acalculus cholecystitis - USG CT or HIDA

 

BEST BOOKSMCQ practise 

MRCS Part A: Essential Revision Notes: Book 1

MRCS Part A: Essential Revision Notes: Book 2

 

EUS in pancreatic cancer

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Q) What is true about the role of EUS in Carcinoma head of pancreas.

  • a) It has a sensitivity of 50-60% in detecting lesions less than 3 cm in size
  • b) It has a  high negative predictive  value
  • c) Chronic pancreatitis can be easily differentiated from Carcinoma head of pancreas by EUS
  • d) Small caliber needles have low accuracy than high caliber needles in FNAC
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Complications of Billroth II surgery

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Billroth 1 and 2

Q) What is true regarding complications of Billroth II surgery?

a) It has less complications than Billroth I surgery

b) Recurrent ulceration is more common in the afferent limb as compared to efferent limb.

c) Afferent loop obstruction is more common after Billroth II  surgery

d) Billroth I  operation is preferred in scarred duodenum

More Questions on Stomach 

GI Surgery Question bank 

Answer c -

In Billroth II surgery, afferent limb obstruction is more common

In Billroth I reconstruction The remnant is anastomosed  to the duodenum

In Billroth II duodenum stump is closed and stomach is anastomosed to the jejunum limb

Advantages of Billroth I

  1. More Physiological as normal GI continuity is maintained
  2. No problem of afferent and efferent limb
  3. Future procedures like endoscopy and ERCP can be done
  4. Reduced chance of gastric carcinoma in remnant stomach as compared to Billroth 2  ( SKF page 682) 

In surgery for benign gastric ulcers, Billroth I reconstruction is the preferred choice.

Billroth II surgery has problems of

  1. Retained antrum syndrome
  2. Afferent loop obstruction
  3. Duodenal stump leak (1-3%

Billroth 2 surgery is done when there is

1. Inadequate mobility of the duodenum

2. Scarring of duodenum

Complications of gastric surgery
Complications of gastrectomy

  1. Nutritional and weight loss - Iron deficiency, Copper deficiency, Vit B12 , Anemia
  2. Delayed gastric emptying
  3. Roux statsis- Seen in roux en y loops-  Pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating
  4. Cholelithiasis-  Higher incidence in roux en y reconstruction as compared to B1 and B 2 gastrectomy
  5. Recurrent ulceration

Complications of Billroth 2 surgery

  1. Dumping syndrome Dumping symptoms have been reported in up to 70% of Billroth II patients and up to 75% of patients after RYGBP
    for obesity.
  2. Afferent loop obstruction - It can be minimized by keeping the length of afferent loop less than 20 cm and using a retrocloic approach.
  3. Bile reflux gastritis - More common with billroth I and billroth 2 surgery, incidence is decreasing after the use roux en y anastomosis


Shackelford's Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, 2 Volume Set: Expert Consult - Online and Print

 

Q)  Billroth I gastrectomy all are  true except-

a) Normal anatomy of  duodenum is preserved

b) ERCP can still be performed

c) Avoiding efferent and afferent limb problem

d) No risk for gastric cancer because of decreased alkaline reflux

Answer