CTVS
Aortic rupture
Q) Most common site for traumatic aortic rupture is
a) Distal to the origin of left subclavian artery
b) Point of entry of aorta above the diaphragm
c) Root of aorta
d) Point distal to Left carotid artery
Answer
a) Distal to origin of subclavian artery
Traumatic aortic rupture leads to sudden death after high impact automobile accident or fall from height. Aorta is relatively fixed distal to ligament arteriosum just distal to the origin of subclavian artery and this is the most common site of traumatic rupture especially partial rupture in which adventitia is intact.
Specific clinical findings are
- Asymmetry of BP in upper limbs or upper and lower limbs
- Widened pulse pressure
- Chest wall contusions
Bailey page 355
http://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/thoracic-trauma/aortic-disruption-traumatic
Atrial Septal Defect
Most common type of atrial septal defect (ASD) is:
Correct Answer
B) Ostium secundumExplanation
Atrial septal defects are classified according to their anatomical location within the atrial septum.
-
Ostium secundum ASD:
Located at the region of the fossa ovalis. It accounts for approximately 70–75% of all atrial septal defects, making it the most common type. -
Ostium primum ASD:
Less common. Typically associated with atrioventricular septal defects and endocardial cushion defects. -
Sinus venosus ASD:
Relatively rare. Commonly associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. -
Comparison:
Since ostium secundum defects are far more frequent than other types, option (D) is incorrect.
Teaching Points
- Ostium secundum ASD is the most common type (≈70–75%)
- Located at the fossa ovalis
- Ostium primum ASD is associated with AV canal defects
- Sinus venosus ASD is commonly associated with anomalous pulmonary venous return
- Fixed split S2 is a classic clinical finding in ASD