Gold Standard Investigations in GI Surgery and Onco Surgery

Esophagus

Ambulatory pH monitoring is the gold standard for the diagnosis of GER. ( SKF 61)

Esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM) is currently the gold standard for the evaluation of esophageal motility ( SKF 11)

The current gold standard for the operative treatment of GERD is the laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. ( SKF 234)

Radical neck dissections

Q) In type I Modified radical neck dissection what is spared
a) Xi th cranial nerve
b) Xi th nerve and IJV
c) Xith nerve , IJV and sternocleidomastoid
d) All are removed