Medullary thyroid cancer – Management

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Q) 42 year old Male patient with 1 cm nodule in Right side of Thyroid.

Biopsy shows medullary carcinoma. No neck nodes are seen on USG. What is the management

a) Total thyroidectomy

b) Total thyroidectomy with central node dissection

c) Total thyroidectomy with lateral and central neck dissection

d) Right hemithyroidectomy

Thyroid MCQs 

Thyroid Mock test 1 

Thyroid Mock test 2 

Thyroid 3 

Ans b 

Medullary thyroid carcinoma is associated with a risk of nodal involvement, even if neck nodes are not visible on ultrasound. A total thyroidectomy is recommended to remove the affected thyroid tissue, and central neck dissection is indicated to address potential lymphatic spread.

Total thyroidectomy

  • While a total thyroidectomy is necessary for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) to remove the entire gland, it does not include the assessment and potential removal of central lymph nodes, which can harbor metastases. Given the risk of lymphatic spread with MTC, central node dissection is recommended.

c) Total thyroidectomy with lateral and central neck dissection

  • This option is more extensive than typically required for a 1 cm medullary carcinoma without evidence of lymph node involvement. While MTC can spread to lateral nodes, the primary recommendation is to start with central node dissection unless there are clinical signs or imaging suggesting lateral node involvement. A more conservative approach is often favored unless there's clear evidence of lateral disease.

d) Right hemithyroidectomy

  • A hemithyroidectomy would only remove half of the thyroid gland and is inadequate for managing MTC. Since MTC can be bilateral and has the potential for multifocality, a total thyroidectomy is the standard of care to ensure complete removal of the cancerous tissue.

Carcinoma Breast and Pregnancy

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Q) 30 year old female in 2nd trimester of pregnancy has a 2 cm Ca breast with no axillary lymph node What should be the management?

a) Terminate Pregnancy and MRM

b) Wait till completion of pregnancy and MRM

c) Lumpectomy plus chemo

d) Lumpectomy + axillary dissection + chemo

Breast

Neet SS 22 paper

Ans d

Lumpectomy plus axillary dissection + chemo

Axillary dissection is ideally done  after SLNB

Radiotherapy can be given after termination of pregnancy

Hormonal therapy is also given after pregnancy if required

No need to terminate pregnancy

Anal malformation

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Q) Newborn with abdominal distension on day 2, not passed meconium. There is absent anal orifice. WHat is the next step? # NEET SS 22 

a) Cross table X ray

b) Invertogram

c) Anoplasty

d) Sigmoid colostomy

Ans a) Cross table X ray

1st step in such cases Rule out congenital abnormalities of spine, sacrum , kidney heart etc

2nd step Cross table x ray  If it shows Perineal fistula do ANoplasty, If x ray shows rectal gas below coccyx do PSA RP with or without colostomy, If it shows gas above coccyx with associated defects do colostomy

Table 67.14 Sabiston 

 

Empyema chest

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Q) Empyema stage II management is ? Theme  from upcoming mock test 25 on 29.9.24

a) VATs

b) Decortication Open

c) IV antibiotics

d) Antibiotics and drainage

Ans d

Antibiotics and drainage

60 years ago, The American Thoracic Society first described the evolution of empyema as a continuous process that subdivides into three stages.

Exudative stage -

initial bacterial infection causes an acute inflammatory response between the pulmonary parenchyma and visceral pleural.

This exudative fluid is usually free-flowing, resolves with appropriate antibiotic treatment, and does not warrant any invasive drainage.

Fibrinopurulent and Loculated stage II)  In the absence of appropriate treatment, the effusion can become complicated via deposition of fibrin clots and membranes resulting in isolated collections of fluid in the pleural space

.At this stage, bacteriology usually becomes positive, and the effusion warrants antimicrobials and drainage.

Chronic Organizational stage - if not drained, fibroblasts coalesce to form a thick pleural peel between the visceral and parietal pleura. This peel can ultimately encase the underlying lung parenchyma and can complicate the clinical course via inhibition of adequate gas exchange, trapped lung or chronic forms of empyema.

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