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Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma & its Risk Factors

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Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma MCQ
Q) Which of the following is not a risk factor / least associated with small bowel adenocarcinoma?
a) Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
b) Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
c) Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
d) Juvenile polyposis coli
Correct Answer: d) Juvenile polyposis coli
Explanation: Juvenile Polyposis Coli is least associated with small bowel adenocarcinoma. Risk factors for Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma: 1. Hereditary polyps: - Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) - Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer - Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 2. Inflammatory and metabolic: - Crohn disease - Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac sprue) - Prior peptic ulcer disease - Cystic fibrosis - Biliary diversion (e.g., previous cholecystectomy) 3. Lifestyle: - Smoking - Heavy alcohol use (>80 g/day ethanol) - Red meat/salted food intake 4. Genetic: - Kras - 5q (APC gene) - 17q (p53 gene) - 18q - DPC4 - SMAD4 - MSI-H (Microsatellite Instability-High)

Type of statistical errors

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Q) A Surgical thesis was completed but later found to have Type II  error. This means ?

a) Benefit is perceived when really there is none (false positive).

b) Benefit is missed when it was there to be found (false negative).

c) Sample size was wrong

d) None of the above

Nylon suture

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Q) Nylon is now commonly  used in abdominal wall closure. It is made of ?

a) Polyamide

b) Polyester

c) Nickel

d) Polybutylene

 

 

Perio OP Management Chronic Kidney disease

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Q) 45 year old male is on chronic dialysis for MGN. He is due to undergo Right colonic resection for ca caecum. Which of the following parameters will be of least worry to the anesthetists due to chronic kidney disease?

a) Cardiac

b) Fluid and electrolyte

c) Coagulational

d) Pulmonary

Peri Op management MCQs

 

Virchow’s triad

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Virchow's Triad MCQ
Q) Which of the following does not form a part of Virchow's triad?
a) Endothelial damage
b) Slow blood flow
c) Platelet defects
d) Hypercoagulable state
Correct Answer: c) Platelet defects
Explanation: Virchow triad (venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability) describes the factors contributing to venous clot formation and thromboembolism. Platelet defects are associated with arterial thrombosis and not venous. Virchow is known as "the father of modern pathology" and founder of social medicine. --- Virchow’s Triad: Unraveling the Factors Behind Thrombosis 1. Endothelial Damage: Endothelial cells line blood vessels. When injured, they expose tissue factor, initiating clot formation. Seen in atherosclerosis, sepsis, trauma. 2. Abnormal Blood Flow: Stasis or turbulence promotes clotting. Causes include prolonged immobilization, atrial fibrillation, varicose veins. 3. Hypercoagulability: A state of increased clotting tendency. Causes: • Oral contraceptives, obesity, pregnancy • Inherited mutations (e.g. factor V Leiden) • Smoking, malignancy Most thrombi result from a combination of the above factors. Recognizing the triad aids in prevention and diagnosis of thromboembolic disease.
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