Esophagus

Esophagus Lymphatics

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Q) Esophageal lymphatic- False is 
a. Lymphatics above tracheal bifurcation drain to sub-carinal, and mainly upwards 
b. EUS can access and samples many stations

c. 40 percent submucosal lymphatic drain to thoracic duct
d. T1a nd T2a  has similar lymph node inolvement

Esophagus duplication cyst

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Q) False statement about esophagus duplication cyst

a) Cystic form is most common  which does not  communicate with the lumen

b) Adults are mostly asymptomatic

c) Malignnat transformation is rare

d) Most commonly seen in middle 1/3 of esophagus

 

Prognostic factor for carcinoma esophagus

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Q. Most important prognostic factor for carcinoma esophagus is
 
a) Cellular differentiation                                 b) Depth of  esophagus involvement
 

c) Length of  esophagus involvement            d)   Age of the patient

B
Most important is depth of involvement of wall  of esophagus and lymph node involvement of the surrounding esophageal tissue.
 Length of esophagus involvement is not that important because esophagus has extensive submucosal lymph supply and for complete cure 10 cm excision margin would mean removal of almost total esophagus.

Summary of Key Prognostic Factors:

Factor Prognostic Impact
Depth of invasion Most important
Lymph node involvement Highly significant
Distant metastasis Very poor prognosis
Cellular differentiation Moderate significance
Tumor length and location Lesser importance
Patient age/health Indirectly affects prognosis
Treatment response Useful for tailoring therapy
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