Disinfectants in Surgery

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Q) All are true about disinfectants in surgery  except
A. Povidone iodine needs to dry up prior to its action
B. Alcohol disinfectants act against all organisms except clostridium difficile
C. Single dose of first generation cephalosporin should be givens prophylaxis for vascular
procedures and bladder catheterisation
D. Chlorhexidine is bactericidal, viricidal, fungicidal, and has rapid onset of action and persistent
duration.

Answer ci

Povidone-iodine solution is used for surgical site preparation, it must be allowed to dry for microbicidal effect. 

Chlorhexidine is  a phenol which is  used in concentrations of 0.5% to 4.0% alone or in lower concentrations in combination with an alcohol as a skin antiseptic. ....

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CEA

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Q True regarding CEA is  (AIIMS 2017 , JIPMER 2016) 

a) Low specificity

b) Falls after 1 week of surgery to baseline

c) Preoperative high value is good prognostic marker

d) Follow up, first test of CEA in 8-10 days followed by weekly tests thereafter

Another question on CEA can be seen here

Answer 

Physiology of biliary obstruction

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Q) Infection in obstructive jaundice all are true except

a) There is loosening of hepatic tight junctions and cholangiovenous reflux

b) IgM production from liver cells decreased

c) Reduced bacteriostatic & bactericidal action due to decreased bile salts in bowel

 

Semen analysis

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Q )  Fructose absence in semen analysis suggests
A. B/L vas deferens obstruction
B. Ejaculatory duct obstruction
C. Testicular failure
D. Prostatic urethral obstruction

Answer

B ) Fructose is a component of semen produced by the seminal vesicles. The absence of fructose in semen is often indicative of an obstruction at or beyond the level of the seminal vesicles, which is commonly associated with ejaculatory duct obstruction. This obstruction prevents the seminal vesicles from secreting fructose into the semen.

Restrictive blood transfusion

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Q) Restrictive strategy of transfusion in acute GI bleed  all are true except?

A. Should be started at a hemoglobin < 7 g/dl
B. Will not alter the risk of rebleed
C. Child A and B patients had significantly lower risk of gi bleed

d) None of the above