Banff Score

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Q) Banff Scoring system is for

a) Acute pyelonephritis

b) Chronic glomerulonephritis

c) Acute Rejection

d) Chronic renal graft rejection

Discuss what is banff score

What is the need of banff score

What are the components

What is the significance

Two field esophagectomy

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Q) Which is not included in two field esophagectomy in carcinoma esophagus

a) Supra carinal and cervical

b) Infra carinal and celiac

c) Superior mediastinal

d) d) Posterior mediastinal

Premium members

Discusss the lymph node stations

Japanese and european classifications of esophageal spread

Two field esophagectomy

 

Survival after pancreatic resection in Ca head of Pancreas

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Q) Median survival after surgery and chemotherapy in Ca Head of Pancreas

a) 12 months

b) 22 months

c) 32 months

d) 44 months

Answer for premium members

This is an interesting question because this is one tumor in which breakthrough has not been achieved in the last 70 years. Pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers of the GI tract and whipple's surgery continues to have high morbidity.

We discuss the role and response of chemotherapy also

Dumping Syndrome

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Q) Late dumping syndrome is due to 

a) Excessive release of insulin

b) Food bolus in jejunum

c) Release of serotonin

d) Local enteric reflexes

Answer

a, Excessive release of Insulin 

Dumping syndrome are most common after billroth II gastrectomy followed by BI and Truncal vagotomy and gastro jejunostomy.

Dumping can occur 30 mins after food, (early dumping) or 2 hours after eating (late dumping). Early dumping has GI symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, epigastric fullness, diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Early dumping occurs due to rapid emptying of chyme in jejunum. This hyperosmolar fluid draws water from extracellular compartment to the lumen of small intestine causing intestinal distension and autonomic changes.Serotonin, bradykinin-like substances, neurotensin, and enteroglucagon are involved in early dumping.

Late dumping syndrome  has more cardiovascular symptoms such as palpitations, light headedness, dizziness, tachycardia, diaphoresis, flushing and blurred vision.

It occurs due to delivery of carbohydrates into jejunum, their absorption causes hyperglycemia and insulin release. Excessive insulin release leads to development of symptoms.

Treatment 

  1. Diet - Avoid carbohydrates, frequent small meals of protein and fat and separate liquids from solids
  2. surgery Conversion to Roux en Y

Ref Sabiston 1212

 

Clinical question

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Q) A 68-year-old woman complains of  Intestinal obstruction. Xrays reveal fluid levels and air in the biliary tree. What is the likely cause?
(A) Choledochal cyst
(B) Gallstone ileus
(C) Obstructed hernia
(D) Previous choledochoduodenostomy

Premium Answer

Siewert classification for GE junction tumors

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Q) According to Siewert classification tumors at GE junction are

a) Type I

b) Type II

c) Type III

d) Type IV

Answer b

Type I   Lower  (center located within between 1-5cm above the anatomic OGJ)

Type II Real GE junction  (within 1cm above and 2cm below the OGJ)

Type III  (2-5cm below OGJ)

This classification has only 3 subtypes

According to the Siewert-Stein classification,

Type I tumour 25% approx

Type II - Most common 49%

Type III was present in 25%

This classification helps in deciding the operative management and unified pre op classification

Types of Surgery

Type I cancer--depending of the size of the tumour--distal 2/3 oesophagectomy with the resection of the proximal lesser curve of the stomach or total gastrectomy  or THE

In patients with types II and III cancers total gastrectomy

More ref 

  1. Radiopedia
  2. Reviews Article