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Treatment of anal incontinence

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Q) Newest treatment for anal incontinence?
a. Sacral nerve stimulation
b. Artificial sphincter.
c. Repair of sphincter
d. Gluteus maximus graft

More Questions 

Answer a)

Sacral nerve stimulation is the newest modality in treatment for anal incontinence. In it electrodes are placed via the sacral foramina. The nerve supply of anal sphincter is similar to lower extremity so their stimulation can lead to contraction of various foot muscles.

Others are all older methods

Shackelford page 1779

Post cholecystectomy injury

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Q   Post cholecystectomy Injury, which is true?

a.       Bile duct leak in approx 1%

b.      Open cholecystectomy bile duct injury 0.5 to 1 %

c.       Most common cause of bile leak is cystic stump blowout and duct of lushka injury

d.      Type E injury is due to clipping of CBD by mistake

 

Cholecystostomy

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Q.    Regarding percutaneous cholecystostomy A/E

a.       Technical success in 90 – 98 % of cases

b.      Indicated in Grade II cholecystitis with significant pericholecystic inflammation & GOO

c.       Indicated in Gr III cholecystitis with significant comorbidity

d.      In Grade III cholecystitis with biliary peritonitis, PCC results in significant improvement

Answer 

Modified Nissen’s fundoplication

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Q ) Modified Nissen's Fundoplication is 

a) 2700 anterior wrap around esophagus

b) 2400 wrap

c) 3600 wrap over > 52 Fr for 1 – 2 cm

d) 600 wrap over 42 Fr for 4 cm

Answer

c

Nissen fundoplication is complete 360 degree but has high incidence of gas bloat. To counter, this modification done to wrap over 52 F tube for 1-2 cm

Belsey - Left thoracotomy, mobilization of distal esophagus and stomach, hiatus opened from above,  fundus is brought 270 degrees around distal esophagus. Then the whole assembly is brought down and crura is repaired.

Hill procedure - No fundoplication is done

Toupet is anterior fundoplication either 240 degree or 270 degree.

 

Early adenocarcinoma of esophagus

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Q. Early adenocarcinoma of Esophagus

a) Around one third have lymph node mets

b) EMR curative in approx 90%

c) EMR can remove all dysplastic epithelium

d) In high grade dysplasia esophagectomy reveals around 50% invasive malignancy

Premium answer

This question in another format was also discussed at www.mcqsurgery.com/esophagus4

Vagal sparing esophagectomy

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Q) True about  Vagal sparing Esophagectomy

a) Same lymphadenectomy as THE

b) Comparable morbidity to THE

c) Usually done for T3 tumors

d)None

Foreign body esophagus

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Q) True about foreign body in esophagus

a) Sharp objects should be operated and not retrieved

b) Lead batteries should be removed

c) Most common impacted foreign bodies are dentures

d) Contrast examination of esophagus should be done before endoscopy

 

Answer

b

Sharp objects can be removed over overtubes and not always require surgery. Lead batteries can corrode and decay in the stomach or intestine and should always be removed. Most common impacted foreign bodies are food boluses above a pathological narrowing and require endoscopic break up

Contrast examination is not always required and might complicate things

Bailey page 991