NEET SS 22

Bile leak after lap Cholecystectomy

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Q) 60 year old female undergoes lap cholecystectomy and is discharged She comes back 8 days later with pain abdomen, distension, fever and tachycardia. USG shows a 500 ml collection in Morrisons Pouch. Next step?

a) Conservative, I V antibiotics

b) USG guided drainage

c) LAP exploration and ligation of cystic duct stump

d) CECT followed by open exploration

#NEET SS 22

# Questions on BIliary system

# Free Questions on Bile ducts

Anal malformation

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MCQ on Newborn with Abdominal Distension
Q) Newborn with abdominal distension on day 2, not passed meconium. There is absent anal orifice. What is the next step? # NEET SS 22
✅ Answer: A. Cross table X ray

🔍 Explanation:
The first step in such cases is to rule out congenital abnormalities of the spine, sacrum, kidneys, and heart.

- The second step is a Cross-table X-ray. If the X-ray shows perineal fistula, perform Anoplasty.
- If the X-ray shows rectal gas below the coccyx, perform a PSARP (Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty) with or without a colostomy.
- If the X-ray shows gas above the coccyx with associated defects, perform a colostomy.

🧠 Key Point: Cross-table X-ray is crucial to determine the presence of rectal gas and other associated defects, guiding the next step in management.

📘 Reference: Table 67.14 Sabiston

Empyema chest

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Q) Empyema stage II management is ? Theme  from upcoming mock test 25 on 29.9.24

a) VATs

b) Decortication Open

c) IV antibiotics

d) Antibiotics and drainage

Ans d

Antibiotics and drainage

60 years ago, The American Thoracic Society first described the evolution of empyema as a continuous process that subdivides into three stages.

Exudative stage -

initial bacterial infection causes an acute inflammatory response between the pulmonary parenchyma and visceral pleural.

This exudative fluid is usually free-flowing, resolves with appropriate antibiotic treatment, and does not warrant any invasive drainage.

Fibrinopurulent and Loculated stage II)  In the absence of appropriate treatment, the effusion can become complicated via deposition of fibrin clots and membranes resulting in isolated collections of fluid in the pleural space

.At this stage, bacteriology usually becomes positive, and the effusion warrants antimicrobials and drainage.

Chronic Organizational stage - if not drained, fibroblasts coalesce to form a thick pleural peel between the visceral and parietal pleura. This peel can ultimately encase the underlying lung parenchyma and can complicate the clinical course via inhibition of adequate gas exchange, trapped lung or chronic forms of empyema.