Caustic Injuries of Esophagus

by

Q . Caustic injury of esophagus. Which statement is not true  ( # All Questions of esophagus) 
a) Steroid is used as a treatment 
b) Carcinoma risk  is 30%
c) Contrast study has false negative of 25%
d Esophageal stent reduce leaks by 75%

Ans ) a

Points of esophagus caustic injuries

There is no proven benefit of starting steroids in early or intermediate phase of injury as there is no evidence to support prevention of stricture

  1. Endoscopy should be performed after initial stabilization
  2. Complete esophagus can be examined now with flexible endoscopes
  3. Available studies show no benefit of steroid use ( skf PAGE 521) 
  4. Cancer risk is 30% in injured and non injured portions

[/s2If]

Radial scar

by

Q) Radial scar is seen on 
A. Mammography findings
B. MRI findings
C. Fracture of radius
D. Fracture of ulna

Ans a Mammography

Radial scar, or complex sclerosing lesion, is a rosette-like proliferative breast lesion. It is not related to surgical scarring.

A radial scar is a benign hyperplastic proliferative disease of the breast. Proposed possible causes include localized inflammatory reaction and chronic ischemia with subsequent slow infarction.

In approximately 30% of cases, a radial scar is associated with ductal carcinoma in situ and tubular carcinoma of the breast

Ref 

Oncology is an ever evolving field and for MCH entrance you need to have your concepts clear. This book helps you achieve that with brilliant explanations

 

Lymphoma Head and NECk

by

Q) Lymphoma of the head and neck - False statement is 
A. Hodgkin’s disease is common in the oropharynx.
B. Most are of the B-cell type .
C. FNAC of neck lymph nodes is now mandatory.
D. For disseminated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, systemic chemotherapy is preferred.

 

Amazon

Uncomplicated Diverticulitis

by

Q). 45 yr old Known case of diverticular disease, presents with left lower abdominal pain , on CT sigmoid wall thickening with fat stranding. All of the following can be done except
a) Admit and iv antibiotic
b) Colonoscopy after resolution
c) Elective colectomy after resolution
d) Out patient oral antibiotic

Meld score uses and drawbacks

by

Q. All are true about Na-MELD except :

a) It corelates with cirrhosis
b)Range of sodium value  is 125-137
c)It relates to vasoconstriction
d) Used for allocation in DDLT patients

Ans c

 MELD was originally developed to predict three-month mortality following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement and was derived using data from a population of 231 patients with cirrhosis who underwent elective TIPS placement.

Range of MELD score is 6-40

MELD Score = 10 x (0.957 x Ln(serum creatinine mg/dL) + 0.378 x Ln(serum bilirubin  mg/dL) + 1.120 x Ln(INR) + 0.643 )

For candidates with an initial MELD score greater than 11, the MELD score is then re-calculated as follows:
MELDNa = MELD(i) + 1.32*(137-Na) - [0.033*MELD(i)*(137-Na)]

  • Sodium values less than 125 mmol/L will be set to 125, and values greater than 137 mmol/L will be set to 137.

It is used for allocation in DDLT to assess wait list mortality

MELD score has also proved to be an effective predictor of outcome in other situations, such as

  1. Patients with cirrhosis going for surgery and patients with fulminant hepatic failure or alcoholic hepatitis.
  2. The MELD score does have limitations in situations where the INR or creatinine may be elevated due to reasons other than liver disease, and its implementation for organ allocation purposes does not take into consideration several conditions that benefit from liver transplantation.