Q. 40 yr old lady with symptoms of GERD. Endoscopy shows hiatus hernia. Symptoms controlled with PPI. Next step
a) Leave alone
b) Manometry with Ph study
c) Ba swallow with Manometry
d) Ba swallow with Ph study
Answer
Fowler Stephen Surgery
Q) Fowler Stephen Surgery is done for
a) Epispadias
b) Hypospadias
c) Exstrophy of bladder
d) Cryptorchidism
Answer Free for all
d) Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism - Fowler stephens surgery means division of short testicular vessels to mobilise the testis
The testicular blood supply is then dependent on collaterals from the vasal artery.
Surgeries for Epispadias are -
Exstrophy
1. MSRE- Modern stage repair of Exstrophy includes bladder closure, pelvic osteotomies followed by epispadis repair and uretheroplasty at 12-18 months
Young-Dees-Leadbetter repair- Bladder neck reconstruction for exstrophy
Kelly repair (RSTM) Radical soft tissue mobilization
2. Complete primary repair for classic bladder exstrophy (CPRE)
Primary Graft non function
Q) Causes of primary graft non function are A/E
a) Recipient with renal failure
b) Microsteatosis > 60%
c) Cold ischaemia time > 12hrs
d) Non heart beating donor
Discuss the causes of PNF-Primary non function of liver
Causes of hypergastrinemia
Q. Hyergastrinemia occurs in all except
a)Retained antrum
b)Excluded antrum
c)Brunner gland adenoma
d)GOO
Gastrinoma
Q) Most sensitive investigation for Gastrinoma ?
a)Contrast CT
b) Selective angiography
c) SRS
d) EUS
Tumoricidal agent
Q) Which of the following is tumoricidal?
a. 1 percent cetrimide.
b. Phenol.
c. FormAldehyde.
d. Saline
Treatment of anal incontinence
Q) Newest treatment for anal incontinence?
a. Sacral nerve stimulation
b. Artificial sphincter.
c. Repair of sphincter
d. Gluteus maximus graft
Answer a)
Sacral nerve stimulation is the newest modality in treatment for anal incontinence. In it electrodes are placed via the sacral foramina. The nerve supply of anal sphincter is similar to lower extremity so their stimulation can lead to contraction of various foot muscles.
Others are all older methods
Shackelford page 1779
Post cholecystectomy injury
Q Post cholecystectomy Injury, which is true?
a. Bile duct leak in approx 1%
b. Open cholecystectomy bile duct injury 0.5 to 1 %
c. Most common cause of bile leak is cystic stump blowout and duct of lushka injury
d. Type E injury is due to clipping of CBD by mistake
Colon polyps
Q) Non hereditary polyp in colon
a) Peutz Jeghers Syndrome
b) Turcot
c) Cowden
d) Cronkhite Canada