Q) Not a true statement about desmoid tumors? (Small Intestine 21-25)
a) Common in young pregnant females
b) Radiotherapy is the only treatment
c) Histologically they comprise of plasma cells
d) Recurrence is a frequent problem
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Atrial Septal Defect
Most common type of atrial septal defect (ASD) is:
Correct Answer
B) Ostium secundumExplanation
Atrial septal defects are classified according to their anatomical location within the atrial septum.
-
Ostium secundum ASD:
Located at the region of the fossa ovalis. It accounts for approximately 70–75% of all atrial septal defects, making it the most common type. -
Ostium primum ASD:
Less common. Typically associated with atrioventricular septal defects and endocardial cushion defects. -
Sinus venosus ASD:
Relatively rare. Commonly associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. -
Comparison:
Since ostium secundum defects are far more frequent than other types, option (D) is incorrect.
Teaching Points
- Ostium secundum ASD is the most common type (≈70–75%)
- Located at the fossa ovalis
- Ostium primum ASD is associated with AV canal defects
- Sinus venosus ASD is commonly associated with anomalous pulmonary venous return
- Fixed split S2 is a classic clinical finding in ASD
Sign of 3
Q) Sign of 3 in Xray with rib notching is seen in
a) Coarctation of Aorta
b) Tetrology of Fallot
c) Total Anamolous Pulmonary venous System
d) Severe MS
Immunosuppressants that have anticancer properties
Q) Immunology suppressor which acts as an anti tumor agent as well
a) M-tor inhibitors
b) CD 52 monoclonal antibody
c) Calcineurin inhibitors
d) Ig receptor inhibitors
Free answer for all
Gastrinoma triangle
Q) Which of the following does not form part of gastrinoma triangle
a) Pylorus
b) Junction of body and neck of pancreas
c) Cystic duct and CBD junction
d) Junction of 2nd and 3rd part of duodenum
Answer a
For explanation and similar question
Q All are true about Nissen’s fundoplication except?
a) It is a 360 degree fundoplication
b) Gas bloat syndrome is a common complication
c) Nissen's fundoplication can be done by both thoracic and abdominal approach
d) Usually three sutures are taken to hold the wrap
Hydatid Cyst
Q) All are true about hydatid cyst except?
a) Liver is the commonest site followed by lung
b) Most commonly presents as painless abdominal mass
c) Anaphylaxis can occur if there is spillage during surgery
d) Dog is the definitive host
Racoon Eye
Q) Racoon eye is seen in
a) Head injury
b) Sub galeal haematoma
c) Sub conjunctival haemorrhage
d) Nasal bone fracture
Q. The most common complication of Bevacizumab is
a) hypertension
b) Hyperglycemia
c) Rashes
d) Gastrointestinal perforations
Whipple’s triad
Q) Whipple's triad is seen in which pathological condition?
a) Insulinoma
b) Glucagonoma
c) VIPOma
d) Somatostatinoma
Answer
a) Insulinoma
Whipple's triad is seen in pancreatic insulinoma and consists of
a) Symptoms of hypoglycemia
b) Fasting sugar less than 50 mg%
c) Relief of symptoms with administration of dextrose solution
Other Points
- Insulinoma is the most common functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
- Symptoms are present for many years before diagnosis
- Weight gain is common
- Distribution of insulinomas is equal in body head and tail
- Average size of insulinoma is 1-1.5 cm
Symptoms of Insulinoma
The neuroglycopenic symptoms of insulinoma included confusion, visual change, and unusual behavior
Sympathoadrenal symptoms may include palpitations, diaphoresis, and tremulousness.
Whipple's triad is just a part of Insulinoma and is not pathognomic of it. This entity may also be seen in other hyperinsulinemic conditions.
For endogenous Insulinoma, following tests are done
Proinsulin above 5.0 pmol/L
insulin above 3.0 pmol/L,
C-peptide above 0.2 nmol/L
all demonstrate endogenous hyperinsulinemia