Oncosurgery

Cancer Cervix Screeing

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Q) All are true for screening of cancer cervix except? 

a) Started 3 years after intercourse but not later than 21 yrs

b) 70 year old lady if pap smear is negative, entire surveillance not required

c) After initiation of screening, liquid based test is test

d) Age 21-30 only cytology every  3 years

( Gynae onco Questions) 

( oncosurgery Topics) 

 

Response to chemotherapy

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Q) A cancer patient with 4cm lung mass in CT scan undergoes neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Following which the mass size has reduced to 3 cm size and scan shows no disease elsewhere . What type of response is this ?
a. Complete response
b. Partial response
c. Stable disease
d. No response

Adenoid Cystic Tumors

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Q) All are true for adenoid cystic tumor of the hard palate except

a) Perineural invasion

b) Lung metastasis

c) Lymph node metastasis

d) Increased risk of local recurrence

Ans c 

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare tumor arising from the minor salivary glands;, the palate being the commonest site.

Distant metastasis and perineural invasion are common in adenoid cystic carcinoma.

The lesion is uncapsulated and infiltrative; invasion of underlying bone is common.

Incidence of cervical metastasis is low.

Distant metastasis occurs through blood stream to lung and bones. Direct extension of lesion of the base of skull has been reported as a cause of death.

Ref - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633292/

MCQ on General onco

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Q) Which is not a mechanism of cancer cells invasion ?

a) Rise in interstitial pressure in the tissue

b) Dissolution of extracellular matrix

c) Mobility of cells to Invade

d) Extra cellular matrix dissolution is due to  physical factors

Ans d 

Cancer cells secrete collagenases and proteases that chemically dissolve any extracellular boundaries

The three main mechanisms by which cancer cells facilitate invasion are:

  1. Dissolution of Extracellular Matrix: Cancer cells secrete proteolytic enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), that break down components of the extracellular matrix. This dissolution allows cancer cells to penetrate surrounding tissues.
  2. Acquisition of Mobility: Cancer cells gain enhanced motility, which enables them to move through tissues. This involves changes in cell adhesion properties and the cytoskeleton that promote movement.
  3. Rise in Interstitial Pressure: While increased interstitial pressure can affect fluid dynamics within tissues, it is typically a consequence of tumor growth rather than a mechanism that facilitates invasion. Thus, it's important to clarify that this is not a primary mechanism for invasion.

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