Q) Which of the following is not a principle of prevention of Ventilatory associated pneumonia?
a) Elevation of head end to 30 degree
b) Deep tracheal suctioning
c) Minimal handling of ventilatory circuit
d) Rapid ventilator liberation
Stem cells
Q) Autologous cell used in tissue engineering is
A) Somatic cells
B) Fetal cells
C) HESC ( human embryonic stem cells)
D) All
Adenoid Cystic carcinoma of Parotid
Q) 52 year old male undergoes excision of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid. Resection margins are positive?
Next step
a) Re resection
b) Radiotherapy
c) Wait and watch - slow growing tumor
d) Chemotherapy
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HCC management
Q) 55 year old male with HBV, CHILD B Cirrhosis with HCC. CT shows 2 lesions 2 cm each in segment V and VI. What would be the best approach in him?
a) Right hepatectomy
b) Liver transplant
c) TACE
d) Chemotherapy
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Perio OP Management Chronic Kidney disease
Q) 45 year old male is on chronic dialysis for MGN. He is due to undergo Right colonic resection for ca caecum. Which of the following parameters will be of least worry to the anesthetists due to chronic kidney disease?
a) Cardiac
b) Fluid and electrolyte
c) Coagulational
d) Pulmonary
Koch’s Postulates
Q Which organism does not follow the Koch's postulates?
a) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
b) Mycobacterium Leprae
c) E coli
d) Clostridium
Virchow’s triad
Q) Which of the following does not form a part of Virchow's triad?
a) Endothelial damage
b) Slow blood flow
c) Platelet defects
d) Hypercoagulable state
Correct Answer: c) Platelet defects
Explanation:
Virchow triad (venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability) describes the factors contributing to venous clot formation and thromboembolism.
Platelet defects are associated with arterial thrombosis and not venous.
Virchow is known as "the father of modern pathology" and founder of social medicine.
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Virchow’s Triad: Unraveling the Factors Behind Thrombosis
1. Endothelial Damage:
Endothelial cells line blood vessels. When injured, they expose tissue factor, initiating clot formation. Seen in atherosclerosis, sepsis, trauma.
2. Abnormal Blood Flow:
Stasis or turbulence promotes clotting. Causes include prolonged immobilization, atrial fibrillation, varicose veins.
3. Hypercoagulability:
A state of increased clotting tendency.
Causes:
• Oral contraceptives, obesity, pregnancy
• Inherited mutations (e.g. factor V Leiden)
• Smoking, malignancy
Most thrombi result from a combination of the above factors. Recognizing the triad aids in prevention and diagnosis of thromboembolic disease.
Acute dilutional hyponatremia
Q) 70 yr old male after TURP for BPH develops un resoponsiveness, slurring of speech and stroke like symptoms . Further management should be
a ) Give 3% Nacl
b) Give 0.9% Nacl
c) IV fluid restriction
d) Desmopressin
Spontaneous fistula closure
Q) 27 year old male has enterocutaneous fistula which is long standing. Which of the following is an unfavorable factor in healing?
a) Long tract, >2 cm
b) Single tract
c) Epithelialised tract
d) Origin from duodenal stump
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Splenic cyst
Q) A 35 year old asymptomatic male undergoes a routine USG which reveals a 3 cm Splenic cyst. There is a prior history of trauma 2 months back. CT Shows smooth, unilocular, thick walled lesion. What should be further management
a) Conservative
b) Partial Splenectomy
c) Total Splenectomy
d) Percutaneous Aspiration