Virchow’s triad

by
Virchow's Triad MCQ
Q) Which of the following does not form a part of Virchow's triad?
a) Endothelial damage
b) Slow blood flow
c) Platelet defects
d) Hypercoagulable state
Correct Answer: c) Platelet defects
Explanation: Virchow triad (venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability) describes the factors contributing to venous clot formation and thromboembolism. Platelet defects are associated with arterial thrombosis and not venous. Virchow is known as "the father of modern pathology" and founder of social medicine. --- Virchow’s Triad: Unraveling the Factors Behind Thrombosis 1. Endothelial Damage: Endothelial cells line blood vessels. When injured, they expose tissue factor, initiating clot formation. Seen in atherosclerosis, sepsis, trauma. 2. Abnormal Blood Flow: Stasis or turbulence promotes clotting. Causes include prolonged immobilization, atrial fibrillation, varicose veins. 3. Hypercoagulability: A state of increased clotting tendency. Causes: • Oral contraceptives, obesity, pregnancy • Inherited mutations (e.g. factor V Leiden) • Smoking, malignancy Most thrombi result from a combination of the above factors. Recognizing the triad aids in prevention and diagnosis of thromboembolic disease.

Acute dilutional hyponatremia

by

Q) 70 yr old male after TURP for BPH  develops un resoponsiveness, slurring of speech and  stroke like symptoms . Further management should be 

a ) Give 3% Nacl

b) Give 0.9% Nacl

c) IV fluid restriction

d) Desmopressin

Spontaneous fistula closure

by
Enterocutaneous Fistula MCQ | mcqsurgery.com
Q) 27-year-old male has a long-standing enterocutaneous fistula. Which of the following is an unfavorable factor for spontaneous healing?
🔒 Answer & Explanation available only for Premium Members
Get instant access to answers, explanations, and teaching points.

👉 Join Premium Surgery Course
Free Surgery Questions Mock Tests Join Premium Surgery Course

Splenic cyst

by

Q) A 35 year old asymptomatic male   undergoes a routine USG which reveals a 3 cm Splenic cyst. There is a prior history of trauma 2 months back. CT Shows smooth, unilocular, thick walled lesion. What should be further management

a) Conservative

b) Partial Splenectomy

c) Total Splenectomy

d) Percutaneous Aspiration

Pancreatectomy

by

Q) Not true about pancreatectomy?

a) Antecolic reconstruction slows gastric emptying.

b) Drains are routinely used after pancreatic resections and currently standard of care.

c) Drains increase infections and prolong hospital stay.

d) Presence of drain fails to reduce the need for interventional radiology.

Antigen Presenting cells

by

Q) Most potent cells that present antigen and are distributed throughout the lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues of the body are?

✅ Answer: A. Dendritic cells

🔍 Explanation:
Dendritic cells are specialized macrophages and are considered professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). They are the most potent APCs in the body, distributed widely in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues.

🧠 NK cells are large granular lymphocytes involved in innate immunity. They have cytolytic functions but are not classified as APCs.

🧠 Macrophages and monocytes can present antigens but are less efficient compared to dendritic cells.

📘 Recommended for Surgeons: Get Surgery Essentials

Bariatric in Special cases

by

📘 High-yield question on Bariatric Surgery Eligibility.
Q) 40 year old schizophrenic man with BMI 42, ideal for weight loss is
a) Medical management
b) LRYGB
c) Duodenal switch
d) Sleeve gastrectomy
🔒 This answer is available only for Premium Members. Join Premium Surgery Course
← Previous Question Bariatric MCQs →

Dumping Syndrome

by

Q) What is the mechanism of action of Octreotide in dumping syndrome ?

a) Acceleration of gastric emptying

b) Shortening of small bowel transit time

c) Inhibition of endocrine secretions

d) All the above

Answer: C

  • Octreotide alleviates both early and late dumping symptoms through inhibition of hormone mediators.
  • It also delays gastric emptying time and inhibits splanchnic vasodilation.

Shack, 8th, 722.

  • These peptides not only inhibit gastric emptying but also affect small bowel motility so that intestinal transit of the ingested meal is prolonged.

Sabistan, 21st, 1217.

Snippets

  • Late dumping occurs 1 to 3 hours after a meal and is less common.
  • The basic defect of late dumping is also rapid gastric emptying; however, it is related specifically to carbohydrates being delivered rapidly into the proximal intestine.

Gall bladder cancer

by

Q) True about the presentation of Gall Bladder cancer is ?

a) 50% of the cancers originate in the fundus and body.

b) Nodal disease is present in 1/3 at presentation.

c) Distant metastasis is present is <1/3 of patients at presentation.

d) Acute cholecystitis due to neck mass has worse prognosis.

AIIMS 2017 Questions

Gall bladder MCQS