Bladder Cancer

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Q) What is the most suitable treatment option for non muscle-invasive bladder cancer with the risk of recurrences?

A)Cystectomy

B)Intravesical chemotherapy

C)Transurethral resection and adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy

D)Palliative therapy

Answer-C(Schwartz-1654)

Patients with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (confined to the bladder mucosa or submucosa) can be managed with transurethral resection alone and adjuvant intravesical (instilled into the bladder) chemotherapy/immunotherapy.

The use of these intravesical agents is critical since patients with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer are at risk for tumour recurrence and progression.

 

Uro Onco MCQS

Squamous cell carcinoma

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Q) What is the correct regarding squamous cell carcinoma? (For oncosurgery skin MCQs see here)

A)Chronic healing wound is a risk factor.

B)Bowen's disease does not have a risk of malignant transformation.

C)In situ disease present as slightly pink or skin coloured raised plaques.

D)Imiquimod is not used as a treatment option.

Esophagus duplication cyst

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Q) False statement about esophagus duplication cyst

a) Cystic form is most common  which does not  communicate with the lumen

b) Adults are mostly asymptomatic

c) Malignnat transformation is rare

d) Most commonly seen in middle 1/3 of esophagus

 

Sugiura Procedure

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Q)   What is not true regarding Sugiura's procedure for Portal Hypertension ?

a)  It is a transesophageal variceal ligation

b) Splenectomy is done

c) Vagotomy is done 
d) Pyloroplasty is done
Sugiura procedure is the non shunting procedure for EV bleeding, which was first proposed by Sugiura and Futagawa in 1973 []. However, because of its complexity and high postoperative morbidity and mortality, this procedure has not been widely accepted in Western countries 

a

Non shunt operations are done for bleeding esophageal varices in emergency for poor risk patients when sclerotherapy or other conservative methods fail.
Sugiura's is a devascularization procedure described in 1973
It has two parts
Thoracic and abdominal which may be simultaneous or staged.
The Left posterolateral thoracotomy is done.
The longitudinal periesophageal azygous collateral veins and thoracic vagus is preserved. 
The esophagus is transected at level of diaphragm. This completely  devascularizes the esophagus.
The cut mucosa and anterior muscle layer is approximated.
Then the abdominal approach is done and abdominal esophagus, cardia of stomach is devascularized. Short gastric vessels are ligated, selective vagotomy is done, pyloroplasty is done, splenectomy completes the procedure.
Transgastric varix ligation was done previous to this procedure as described by Tanner  but not transesophageal. Hence 'a' is the answer.
The modified Sugiura procedure can be performed through a one-stage transabdominal approach via the midline incision or extension of a left subcostal incision with the exposure of an L shape.
The procedure starts with splenectomy for improvement of the exposure followed by gastric and esophageal devascularization and finally the esophageal transaction using a mechanical stapler through a short gastrotomy.
The Sugiura operation contains five componential procedures and esophagogastric devascularization is the only remaining part in the many different versions of the modified Sugiura operation.
Schakelford pancreas pg 383.

Prognostic factor for carcinoma esophagus

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Most Important Prognostic Factor in Carcinoma Esophagus - MCQsurgery.com

Most Important Prognostic Factor for Carcinoma Esophagus

Q. Most important prognostic factor for carcinoma esophagus is

a) Cellular differentiation
b) Depth of esophagus involvement
c) Length of esophagus involvement
d) Age of the patient