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Q7. Which of the following is not true pancreatic cysts?

 a) Associated with Von Hippel-Lindau Disease in 50%

b) It is associated with cysts of liver and kidney

c) Most go on to be associated with chronic pancreatitis

d) Pancreatic cysts are quite rare

Reno vascular hypertension

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Q) Which of the following is true about reno vascular hypertension

a) Seen in young age group

b) Both kidneys are of same size

c) It is familial

d) Diuretics will control the hypertension

a

Renal artery occlusion creates ischemia of the kidney which releases renin. Hypereninemia leads to secondary hypertension. This further leads to conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and vasocontriction and eventually release of aldosterone.

It is a disease of young adults and children

Size of the kidneys vary and diuretics do not control hypertension because the mechanism is high renin secretion which is unresponsive to diuretics.

 

Colon Bleeding

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Q) True statement about  colonic bleeding:     More Questions on colon

a) Bleeding from diverticulitis is severe and often requires interventional procedures to stop it

b) In colitis risk of brisk bleeding is less and diarrhea is absent

c) In haemaorrhoids,  haemodynamic compromise is rare

d) Bleeding from angiodysplasia is always slight and managed endoscopically

Moya Moya disease

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Q) In Moya Moya disease which of the following is true

a) It is a disease of geriatric age group

b) Occurs due to the occlusion of vertebral artery

c) There is presence of smoke puff sign on angiography

d) It is a neurological disease due to deficiency of Vitamin B

Answer 

 

Lymph node in oral cancer

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Q) Correct about N staging in oral carcinoma

a) N1 ipsilateral more than 6 cm

b) N2a ipsilateral single node between 3-6 cm

c) N2b is Multiple ipsilateral more than 6 cm

d) N2c is Bilateral more than 6 cm

Answer is b

N2a ipsilateral between 3-6 cm

Cervical lymph nodes are divided into (i) Submandibular (II) Upper jugular, (iii) Middle  jugular (iv) Lower jugular and (v) Posterior triangle

Cancer of oral cavity and lips mainly go to lymph nodes I, II, and III

Tongue skip metastasis to level III and IV is common 

Oropharynx - II, III, IV and contralateral

TNM Staging


NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
N1 : Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node <3 cm in greatest dimension
N2a:  Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node >3 cm but not more than 6 cm
N2b:  Metastasis in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none >6 cm in greatest dimension
N2c : Metastasis in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none >6 cm in greatest dimension
N3 Metastasis in any lymph node >6 cm

Ref: Bailey 709

Colon cancer surveillnace

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Q) CEA surveillance in normal person whose father and brother had colon cancer is helpful in 

a) CEA is highly sensitive in picking up the diagnosis of colon cancer

b) HIGH preoperative CEA is predictive of unresectability in colon cancer

c) Increase in CEA after surgery is indicative of tumor recurrence

d) CEA is present in normal colonic mucosa

Answer for premium members

Thyroid Questions

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Q) Which of the following thyroid cancers do not take up radio active iodine

a) Medullary carcinoma thyroid

b) Papillary  carcinoma

c) Follicular carcinoma

d) Hurthle cell carcinoma

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a - Medullary carcinoma

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is a tumor that arises from the C cells ie the parafollicular cells and not from cells of thyroid follicles.

These are not TSH dependent and hence do not take up radioactive iodine

Hurthle cell carcinoma is a variation of follicular carcinoma only.

In these tumors lymph node involvement is about 60%

Bailey page 769