General Surgery

NEET, DNB questions from general surgery

Endocrine cells of Pancreas

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Q  Which is wrongly matched ( Free Questions) (#AIIMS 2021 GI Recall) 

a) Alpha cell - pancreatic poly peptide

b) Beta cell - insulin

c) Epsilon cell - ghrelin

d) Delta cell -  somatostatin

Ans a, ALpha cells

Alpha cells secrete glucagon

Pancreatic polypeptide is from F cells which form 15% of islet mass and are seen in Head and Uncinate process of Pancreas

Also alpha cells are the first cells to develop in the lineage
Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice

REf Sabiston 21st edition page 943

 

Smoking treatment

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Smoking Cessation Drugs MCQ | First-Line Therapy

Smoking Cessation Drugs MCQ – First-Line Therapy

📘 Theme: Smoking Cessation & Pharmacology (NEET SS / INI-CET High Yield)

Smoking Cessation Pharmacology MCQ

Which of the following is NOT a first-line drug option for smoking cessation?

A. Clonidine
B. Nicotine replacement (patches)
C. Varenicline
D. Bupropion

Answer: A. Clonidine

Explanation

First-line pharmacologic therapies for smoking cessation include nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), varenicline, and bupropion. These agents have strong evidence supporting efficacy and are recommended in standard smoking cessation guidelines.

Clonidine is considered a second-line agent and may occasionally be used when first-line therapies are contraindicated or ineffective, but it is not routinely recommended because of side effects such as sedation and hypotension.

Why other options are incorrect

  • Nicotine replacement (patches): First-line therapy that reduces withdrawal symptoms.
  • Varenicline: Partial nicotinic receptor agonist and one of the most effective first-line agents.
  • Bupropion: Antidepressant that helps reduce nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

High-yield teaching points

  • First-line smoking cessation drugs = NRT, varenicline, bupropion.
  • Varenicline has the highest quit rates among pharmacologic therapies.
  • Clonidine and nortriptyline are considered second-line options.
  • Behavioral counseling improves success rates when combined with medication.

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