Antigen Presenting cells

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Q) Most potent cells that present antigen and are distributed throughout the lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues of the body are?

a) Dendritic cells

b) Natural killer cells

c) Macrophages

d) Monocytes

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Ans a 

Dendritic cells are specialized macrophages that are regarded as professional APCs. They are the most potent cells that present antigen

NK cells ( part of innate immunity) are large granular lymphocytes with potent cytolytic function that constitute a critical component of innate immunity.

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Dumping Syndrome

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Q) What is the mechanism of action of Octreotide in dumping syndrome ?

a) Acceleration of gastric emptying

b) Shortening of small bowel transit time

c) Inhibition of endocrine secretions

d) All the above

Answer: C

  • Octreotide alleviates both early and late dumping symptoms through inhibition of hormone mediators.
  • It also delays gastric emptying time and inhibits splanchnic vasodilation.

Shack, 8th, 722.

  • These peptides not only inhibit gastric emptying but also affect small bowel motility so that intestinal transit of the ingested meal is prolonged.

Sabistan, 21st, 1217.

Snippets

  • Late dumping occurs 1 to 3 hours after a meal and is less common.
  • The basic defect of late dumping is also rapid gastric emptying; however, it is related specifically to carbohydrates being delivered rapidly into the proximal intestine.

Gall bladder cancer

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Q) True about the presentation of Gall Bladder cancer is ?

a) 50% of the cancers originate in the fundus and body.

b) Nodal disease is present in 1/3 at presentation.

c) Distant metastasis is present is <1/3 of patients at presentation.

d) Acute cholecystitis due to neck mass has worse prognosis.

AIIMS 2017 Questions

Gall bladder MCQS  

Amylase and Lipase in Acute pancreatitis

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Q) Which of the following is false regarding amylase and lipase in acute pancreatitis?
a) Amylase more than 3 times above normal indicates acute pancreatitis
b) Normal serum amylase does not rule out acute pancreatitis
c) Serum lipase is more specific than serum amylase
d) Serum amylase is more sensitive than serum lipase

MCQs on Pancreatitis 

Q) Why does amylase and lipase increase in pancreatitis?

A) They are released from the acinar cells of pancreas during injury

Q) When does serum amylase rise in acute pancreatitis?

A) Within the first 12 hours

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