Inoperability criteria of ca oral cavity

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Q) Inoperability criteria in ca oral cavity is  ( MCH Onco 2020) 

a) Pterygoid plate involvement

b) Tooth socket involvement

c) Cheek involvement

d)

Ans a) Pterygoid

T4b in oral cancer is Very advanced local disease.

Tumor invades masticator space, pterygoid plates, or skull base and/or encases internal carotid artery, skull base and/or encases the internal carotid artery.

Note: Superficial erosion alone of bone/tooth socket by gingival primary is not sufficient to classify as T4

Tumour involvement of the following structures are considered technically unresectable

Erosion of pterygoid plates, sphenoid bone, widening of foramen ovale

Extension to superior nasopharynx or deep extension into Eustachian tube or lateral nasopharyngeal wall

Encasement of internal carotid artery, defined radiologically as tumor surrounding the carotids> 270 degrees.

Involvement of mediastinal structures

Involvement of prevertebral fascia or cervical vertebrae

Ref is here 

 

Duodenal Ulcer Bleed management

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Q) Which of the following is TRUE regarding the management of a bleeding duodenal ulcer?

a) Hemoglobin should be maintained at 9 g/dL during resuscitation
b) Truncal vagotomy may be considered after control of bleeding with over-sewing
c) A visible black spot on endoscopy indicates high risk of rebleeding
d) Surgery is considered after a single failed endoscopic attempt

Trace elements deficiency

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MCQ on Trace Element Deficiency
Q) Which of the following trace elements deficiency causes impaired glucose tolerance, anemia, neutropenia, and leukopenia?
✅ Answer: B. Copper

🔍 Explanation:
Copper deficiency is associated with impaired glucose tolerance, anemia, neutropenia, leukopenia, and changes in skin and hair pigmentation.
Copper also plays a crucial role in collagen and elastin synthesis, scavenges free radicals, and is linked to fatal arrhythmias in its deficiency.

- **Zinc deficiency** causes growth retardation, immune dysfunction, and delayed wound healing but is not typically linked to significant neutropenia.
- **Molybdenum deficiency** is rare and linked to metabolic disorders but not hematological abnormalities.
- **Selenium deficiency** leads to cardiomyopathy (Keshan disease) and myopathy, but not neutropenia or leukopenia.

🧠 Key Point: Copper plays a vital role in multiple metabolic processes, and its deficiency can cause a range of hematological and metabolic abnormalities.

📘 Reference: MCQs on Nutrition and Perioperative Management