Q) Most common nerve injured in sentinel lymph node biopsy in carcinoma breast ? ( Breast Onco Q 21-40)
a) Long thoracic
b) Intercostobrachial
c) Lateral pectoral
d) Nerve to latissmus dorsi
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Recurrence after treatment for carcinoma gall bladder
Q) After treatment of carcinoma gall bladder, most common site of recurrence is a) Lung b) Liver c) GB fossa d) Local lymph nodes
Necrotising Infections
Q) Least common Signs or symptoms of necrotising infections is
✅ Answer: D. Fever
🔍 Explanation:
**Fever is usually absent** in necrotizing infections.
Indicators of Necrotizing Infections include:
- **Severe and Unusual Pain**: Patients often report intense pain disproportionate to the visible injury.
- **Swelling Beyond the Redness**: Edema extends past the erythema, signaling deeper tissue involvement.
- **Presence of Crepitus**: A crackling sound or sensation beneath the skin caused by gas-producing bacteria.
- **Formation of Blisters**: Skin blisters indicate significant tissue damage.
- **Dishwater-like Drainage**: The infected site may discharge greyish, watery fluid, resembling dishwater.
- **Discoloration of Skin**: Pink or orange staining in the skin indicates infection severity.
- **Localized Skin Necrosis**: Late-stage gangrene may develop in the skin.
**Systemic Complications** may include shock, coagulopathy, and multi-organ failure as the infection advances.
🧠 Key Point: While fever is a hallmark of most infections, it is often notably absent in necrotizing infections, which can be a distinguishing factor.
📘 Reference: MCQs on Infections (Bailey and Sabiston)
🔍 Explanation:
**Fever is usually absent** in necrotizing infections.
Indicators of Necrotizing Infections include:
- **Severe and Unusual Pain**: Patients often report intense pain disproportionate to the visible injury.
- **Swelling Beyond the Redness**: Edema extends past the erythema, signaling deeper tissue involvement.
- **Presence of Crepitus**: A crackling sound or sensation beneath the skin caused by gas-producing bacteria.
- **Formation of Blisters**: Skin blisters indicate significant tissue damage.
- **Dishwater-like Drainage**: The infected site may discharge greyish, watery fluid, resembling dishwater.
- **Discoloration of Skin**: Pink or orange staining in the skin indicates infection severity.
- **Localized Skin Necrosis**: Late-stage gangrene may develop in the skin.
**Systemic Complications** may include shock, coagulopathy, and multi-organ failure as the infection advances.
🧠 Key Point: While fever is a hallmark of most infections, it is often notably absent in necrotizing infections, which can be a distinguishing factor.
📘 Reference: MCQs on Infections (Bailey and Sabiston)
Clinical Presentation of Hepatoblastoma
Q) Which of the following is the least common presentation of hepatoblastoma
a) Jaundice
b) Mass in the abdomen
c) FAilure to thrive
d) Anorexia
MCQ on Abdominal compartment Syndrome
Q) Which of the following is true for abdominal compartment syndrome?
a) Normal Intra Abdominal pressure ( IAP) is 5-7 mm Hg
b) Laparotomy is needed if IAP is more than 10 mmHg
c) Vascular compromise occurs is IAP is more than 15 mmHg
d) Increased IAP increases increased systemic vascular resistance ( SVR)
Wilms Etiology
Q) All Syndromes are associated with Wilms tumor except
a) WAGR
b) CHRPE
c) Sotto
d) Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Cancer Cervix Screeing
Q) All are true for screening of cancer cervix except?
a) Started 3 years after intercourse but not later than 21 yrs
b) 70 year old lady if pap smear is negative, entire surveillance not required
c) After initiation of screening, liquid based test is test
d) Age 21-30 only cytology every 3 years
Response to chemotherapy
Q) A cancer patient with 4cm lung mass in CT scan undergoes neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Following which the mass size has reduced to 3 cm size and scan shows no disease elsewhere . What type of response is this ?
a. Complete response
b. Partial response
c. Stable disease
d. No response
Adenoid Cystic Tumors
Q) All are true for adenoid cystic tumor of the hard palate except:
✅ Answer: C. Lymph node metastasis
🔍 Explanation:
**Adenoid cystic carcinoma** is a rare tumor arising from the minor salivary glands, with the **palate** being the most common site.
- **Perineural invasion** is common and leads to the spread of the tumor along nerves.
- **Lung metastasis** is also frequent, with distant metastasis occurring via the bloodstream, often affecting the lungs and bones.
- The tumor is **uncapsulated** and infiltrative, which often leads to **local recurrence**.
- **Lymph node metastasis** is **uncommon**, with an incidence that is low.
- Direct extension of the tumor to the base of the skull may lead to severe complications and death.
🧠 Key Point: The most important distinguishing feature of adenoid cystic carcinoma is its tendency for **perineural invasion** and **lung metastasis**, but it rarely metastasizes to the lymph nodes.
📘 Reference: [NCBI Article](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633292/)
🔍 Explanation:
**Adenoid cystic carcinoma** is a rare tumor arising from the minor salivary glands, with the **palate** being the most common site.
- **Perineural invasion** is common and leads to the spread of the tumor along nerves.
- **Lung metastasis** is also frequent, with distant metastasis occurring via the bloodstream, often affecting the lungs and bones.
- The tumor is **uncapsulated** and infiltrative, which often leads to **local recurrence**.
- **Lymph node metastasis** is **uncommon**, with an incidence that is low.
- Direct extension of the tumor to the base of the skull may lead to severe complications and death.
🧠 Key Point: The most important distinguishing feature of adenoid cystic carcinoma is its tendency for **perineural invasion** and **lung metastasis**, but it rarely metastasizes to the lymph nodes.
📘 Reference: [NCBI Article](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633292/)
Sternal Tumors
Q) Most common tumor of the sternum is ? ( Chest wall and lung onco Questions)
a) Chondrosarcoma
b) Osteosarcoma
c) Multiple Myeloma
d) Ewing